ISE本期博客，是由ISE总部 Lisa Clancy 博士撰写和设计的一张信息图（infographic），为我们提供了科研论文写作中动词时态的小TIPS。

要写出一份可发表级别的优秀科技论文，语言部分的关键在于动词时态。在这张信息图中，我们将讨论何时、何地以及如何使用不同的动词时态。

1. Title 标题

Titles are often not complete sentences, i.e., no verb is used.

标题通常不是完整的句子，一般不涉及到动词。

Fully device independent quantum key distribution.

If you do want to use a complete sentence, use the present tense.

如果你一定要写一个完整的句子，动词就用一般现在时。

What your Facebook profile picture reveals about your personality.

2. Introduction 引言

Present tense – use when stating general truths.

一般现在时——在陈述一般事实时使用。

Many programmers rely on 3-way merge tools to integrate changes from different branches.

Present perfect – use when describing actions that happened in the past but are still relevant today.

现在完成时——用来描述过去发生但仍然与今天相关的行为。

Classification analyses of various sorts have been used frequently for structuring document collections.

Past tense – use when discussing previous studies or past events.

一般过去式——在讨论以前的研究或过去的事件时使用。

The ACM US Public Policy Council (USACM) was established in the early 1990s.

3. Method 方法

The past tense is mostly used in the methods section.

一般过去式主要用在方法部分。

The motion was generated by rotating around a central vertical axis at the center of the point cloud using Equation (1).

Occasionally, the past perfect tense and past continuous tense are required.

有时需要使用过去完成时和过去进行时。

Past perfect tense – use when describing an action that occurred before another action.

过去完成时——用于描述一个动作发生在另一个动作之前。

Recruitment efforts were stopped once data saturation had been reached .

Past continuous tense – use when describing an ongoing action that occurred in the past.

过去进行时——用于描述过去发生的正在进行的动作。

The program team came together during major milestones to verify that the project was progressing on-schedule.

4. Results 结果

The past tense is mostly used in the results section of hypothesis-based studies.

在基于假设的研究中，一般过去时主要用于结果部分。

We found little evidence for the “filter bubble” hypothesis.

The present tense is often used when describing new methodologies.

一般现在时经常用于描述新方法。

With Scatter/Gather, rather than being forced to provide terms, the user is presented with a set of clusters, an outline of the corpus.

5. Discussion 讨论

As with introductions, a mixture of tenses is used in the discussion sections of scientific manuscripts, including the past tense, the present tense and the future tense.

和引言一样，在科技论文的讨论部分动词时态比较灵活，包括一般过去时、一般现在时和一般将来时。

Future tense – use when discussing the implications of the study.

一般将来时——在讨论研究的意义时使用。

Understanding these privacy norms will allow manufacturers to design devices that consumers are comfortable incorporating into their homes.

6. Figure/table legends 图片和表格的说明

Present tense – use when referencing the figures/tables in the text

一般现在时——在引用论文中的图表时使用

Examples are shown in Table 1 and Fig. 2.